Fashion is a visibly changing phenomenon. Nowadays, it has a great influence on human life. It determines the lifestyle and standardizes the image of people all over the world.
There are some characteristic fashionable elements which appear in different palces of the whole world, for example: cowboy shoes, sari from India or Mexican poncho.
Fashion influences the taste and standard of what people like or not. If we want to look good, we should follow the newest fasion. This is a problem because fashion changes a lot faster than before. It depends on mass media too. People sometimes say that fashion is comic twice: firstly, when it starts, secondly, when it wears off.
For many young people following fashion is the most important thing. It means than they are able to change and modify very fast. When you copy models it is because you lose own piont of view. Clothing may draw somebody’s attention but in time it is difficult to keep up appearances, and who we are depends not on what t-shirt we have.
Fashion in Modern Mass Media has been described as a mirror of what people are thinking and doing. Different types of media have always had a strong influence on people. Fashion can be expressed through television shows, movies, as well as music videos. These media vehicles are all part of the social environment in which today's young people grow up, and they can contribute to setting social norms. Most teenagers spend more than seven hours a day listening to the radio and CDs or watching music videos and televisions shows. They are taking an example from their favourite super stars, models and singers. They want to look just like them, so they make horrible things with their bodies, for example: tattoos, piercing or even plastic surgery.
In the media sexuality is portrayed in a way that sets a certain standard of "beauty" that can be misleading or unrepresentative. A lot of adolescents define what is trendy and the way to dress by looking at their favorite actors, singers, or T.V shows.
In today's society an increasing number of girls experience blows to their self-esteem and even develop eating disorders due to the media's influence. The main source of these self-esteem blows are fashion magazines, as well as TV characters. The age of girls being influenced by the media is getting younger and younger. Studies have shown that pre-pubescent girls as young as four or five are concerned with their body weight. This concern is often as extreme as feelings of guilt, shame and complete distortion of body image. Studies show, that these self-destructive feelings are often due to the media's influence. Destructive and negative feelings about one's body can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia . Some characteristics of one who suffers from anorexia include: losing a significant amount of weight, fearing weight gain, continuing to diet although thin, feeling overweight even after significant weight loss, losing monthly menstruation, preferring to di!et in isolation, binging and purging and preoccupation with food, calories and nutrition.
Adolescents often feel fatally flawed if their weight, hips, and breasts do not match up to those of models and actors. As a part of discovering their identity, teens experiment with their appearance, and much of the time their parents are offended by the results.
Making everything into account fashion’s influence on young people is really huge and unfortunately often destructive.
Kenji Kawakami profesionally occupies in finding practical and convenient solutions of problems which actually don't exist...Creative Japanese discovers for example a butter in a tube, instrument for a toilet paper to hang on a head and portable pedestrian crossing. Would you like a nap in underground?Use a prop under a chin, which permits to sleep upright. You don't know where dry laundry? System of hangers Drymobile, installed on the roof of a car enables do it very fast thanks to air. Are you afraid of the darkness? You should have with you special torch with solar batteries. Don't like stooping? Try sensational tidying flip-flops with tagging brush or dustpan. Kawakumi's creativity is boundless. These unique constructions inventor called chindogu, in japanese 'strange tool'. Kawakami creates also code obligatory for all creators similar tools. According to his opinion, chindogu must be inspired by everyday life and seemingly useful. Kawakami's rules forbid the sale and patenting chindogu.
First projects of untypical inventions Japanese just in fun puts in his own magazine about furnishing. Response of readers was enormous. Kawakami was a real cult person. In the last twenty years he constructed almost thousend of instruments, wrote several books and his useless inventions were shown in many foreign exibitions. Nowadays thousands of fiends in the whole world concern themselves in inventing and constructing chindogu.
Have you ever wondered about your own invention? What could it be?
Murphy's lawis an adage in Western culture that broadly states:
"Anything that can go wrong will go wrong."
The perceived perversity of the universe has long been a subject of comment, and precursors to the modern version of Murphy's law are not hard to find. For example, an Am
erican newspaper in Norwalk, Ohio printed this verse in 1841:
I never had a slice of bread, Particularly large and wide,
That did not fall upon the floor,
And always on the buttered side.
Murphy's law emerged in its modern form no later than 1952, as an epigraph to a mountaineering book by Jack Sack, who described it as an "ancient mountaineering adage": anything that can possibly go wrong, does.
Association with Murphy
According to the book A History of Murphy's Law by author Nick T. Spark, differing recollections years later by various participants make it impossible to pinpoint who first coined the saying Murphy's law. The law's name supposedly stems from an attempt to use new measurement devices developed by the eponymousEdward Murphy. The phrase was coined in adverse reaction to something Murphy said when his devices failed to perform and was eventually cast into its present form prior to a press conference some months later—the first ever (of many) conferences given by Colonel John Stapp, a physician, U.S. Air Force colonel and Flight Surgeon in the 1950s.
Murphy's law emerged in its modern form no later than 1952, as an epigraph to a mountaineering book by Jack Sack, who described it as an "ancient mountaineering adage": anything that can possibly go wrong, does.
From its initial public announcement, Murphy's Law quickly spread to various technical cultures connected to Murphy's law emerged in its modern form no later than 1952, as an epigraph to a mountaineering book by Jack Sack, who described it as an "ancient mountaineering adage": anything that can possibly go wrong, does.
From its initial public announcement, Murphy's Law quickly spread to various technical cultures connected to aerospace engineering. Before long, variants had passed into the popular imagination, changing as they went.
Generally, the spirit of Murphy's Law captures the common tendency to emphasize the negative things that occur in everyday life; in this sense, the law is typically formulated as some variant of "If anything can go wrong, it will".
Although often equated with Sod's law (chiefly British), Murphy's law can be seen as a special case of this more general tenet, which holds that the most inconvenient turn of events is the most likely.
Murphy's law is sometimes strengthened, as Finagle's law. The comparative of Murphy's law then is: If anything can go even worse, it will go even worse. Or more comprehensive, as: "Whatever can go wrong will go wrong, and at the worst possible time, in the worst possible way.". Before long, variants had passed into the popular imagination, changing as they went.
Generally, the spirit of Murphy's Law captures the common tendency to emphasize the negative things that occur in everyday life; in this sense, the law is typically formulated as some variant of "If anything can go wrong, it will".
Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives (also known as Finagle's corollary to Murphy's Law) is usually rendered: Anything that can go wrong, will—at the worst possible moment.
Eventually the term "Finagle's law" was popularized by science fiction author Larry Niven in several stories depicting a frontier culture of asteroid miners; this "Belter" culture professed a religion and/or running joke involving the worship of the dread god Finagle and his mad prophet Murphy.
Parkinson's Law is the adage first articulated by Cyril Northcote Parkinson as the first sentence of a humorous essay published in The Economist in 1955 : Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.
The current form of the law is not that which Parkinson refers to by that name in the article. Rather, he assigns to the term a mathematical equation describing the rate at which bureaucracies expand over time. Much of the essay is dedicated to a summary of purportedly scientific observations supporting his law, such as the increase in the number of employees at the Colonial Office while Great Britain's overseas empire declined (indeed, he shows that the Colonial Office had its greatest number of staff at the point when it was folded into the Foreign Office because of a lack of colonies to administer). He explains this growth by two forces: (1) "An official wants to multiply subordinates, not rivals" and (2) "Officials make work for each other." He notes in particular that the total of those employed inside a bureaucracy rose by 5-7% per year "irrespective of any variation in the amount of work (if any) to be done."
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What are you thinking about modern 'laws'? How trudo you thinh they are?
http://sweetbrenton .files.wodpress.com/2009/03/key art law and order.jpg
In every day life, the sequence of people's political desires is well defined. First of all, people desire order. Without order, life is chaotic and people die. Next comes law, so people can predict what will happen. Law is not necessarily just. The key is that it provide enough predictability for people to survive.
We can speak about law and order, when the vast majority of population respects the rule of law, and where the law enforcement agencies observe laws that limit their powers. Maintaining law and order implies firm dealing with occurrences of theft, violence, and disturbance of peace, and rapid enforcement of penalties imposed under criminal law.
Different people have different interpretations about what the "rule of law" means. Among modern legal theorists, the two major views are known as the formal approach and the substantive approach.
The "formal" interpretation is the predominant view, and it holds that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approach allows laws that protect democracy and individual rights, but recognizes the existence of "rule of law" in countries that do not necessarily have such laws.
The major minority view (i.e. the substantive interpretation) holds that the rule of law intrinsically protects some or all individual rights. There are other minority views as well, including the view that the rule of law impliedly guarantees democracy.
In politics, law and order refers to a political platform which supports a strict criminal justice system, especially in relation to violent and property crime, through harsher criminal penalties. These penalties may include longer terms of imprisonment, mandatory sentencing, and in some countries, capital punishment.
Supporters of "law and order" argue that effective deterrence combined with incarceration is the most effective means of crime prevention. Opponents of law and order argue that a system of harsh criminal punishment is ultimately ineffective because it does not address underlying or systemic causes of crime.
"Law and order" is a recurring theme in political campaigns around the world. Candidates may exaggerate or even manufacture a problem with law and order, or characterise their opponents as "weak" on the issue, in order to generate public support. The expression also sometimes carries the implication of arbitrary or unnecessary law enforcement, or excessive use of police powers.
Some governments fail to provide order and law. In that case, people group together to provide their own. Clans take on importance. So do villages in which people who grew up together look suspiciously on outsiders.
We know a lot about education system in USA and UK, we are comparing it with polish one, looking for similarities, discussing about which is better or what should be change.
But did weknow anything about education in least developed countries?
How it looks in Africa? What level of education is there, how many children attend school?
Lets check it, following education system in Kenya.
Education in Kenya has been based on an 8-4-4 system since the late 1980s, with eight years of primary education followed by four years of secondary school and four years of college or university. In addition to this there is a large private school sector, which caters for the middle to upper classes and generally follow the British O-level and A-level system after primary school.
Out of all children in Kenya about 85 percent of children attend primary school, 24 percent of children attend secondary school, and 2 percent attend higher institutions.
Primary education
There are three categories of primary school: Day Primaries, which make up the majority of schools; Boarding schools, divided into low, medium and high cost; and Arid Zone primary schools.
Primary education in government schools became free and compulsory in January, 2003. Kenya is home to Kimaini Margue, the world's oldest person to start primary school. An illiterate farmer, he enrolled at age 84 when he learned that schooling had become free.
Secondary education
Students in Kenya's major secondary schools (high schools) take four years to prepare for college. Most students start to shape their future in pursuing subjects that will take them to their careers. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education are undertaken at the end of secondary education. As of 2008, the government has introduced plans to offer free Secondary education to all.
There are three types of secondary school: private schools, government-aided schools and harambee schools. The government-aided schools are more selective and only one out of four children are accepted into one. Acceptance is based on a child’s score on the Kenya Certification of Primary Education (KCPE). Most of the government-aided schools are boarding schools.
Middle level colleges
These are two or three year colleges that offer certificate,Diploma and Higher National Diploma qualifications.. These colleges offer Technical hands-on skills in various fields such as Engineering, Medical Sciences, education, computer Science etc. They include Teacher Training colleges (TTCs), Kenya Medical Training colleges(KMTC), Kenya Polytechnic, Mombasa Polytechnic, Eldoret polytechnic, Kenya institute of mass communication and many others. All these institutions are set up by various acts of parliament...
Public Universities
The leading university is the University of Nairobi. Other state universities include KenyattaUniversity, EgertonUniversity, MoiUniversity.
How it starts...
In 1963 the Kenyan government promised free primary education to its people. This promise did not take effect until 2003. Citizens are expected to contribute to the education fund by paying fees, taxes, and labour services. After contributing, most parents did not have the money to pay for their children’s education and were subsequently locked out of the school system.
Teachers strike often due to irregular payment of their wages.The teachers were responsible for collecting fees payments from student, with their wages being held until all fees were collected. Many children were forced to drop out of school simply because they could not afford it. Teachers would often send children home during the final exams in order to pressure parents into paying the fees.
Now that education is free, attendance has increased and there is a shortage of teachers and classrooms with children not getting sufficient attention from teachers due to the overcrowding of classrooms. This isa result of both children attending that could not afford to before, and children being taken out of lower-tier private schools in order to take advantage of free education. This has created demand for low cost private school where parents that could afford to pay the fees can send children to learn in a better environment.
Some believe that a solution for the overcrowding in schools is to create more vocational training programs in order to creat alternative routes to employment.
Kenya introduced the current 8-4-4 system in 1985. This means that grades one through eight are in primary, grades nine through twelve are in secondary, and then graduates spend four years in university. The 8-4-4 system was created to help those students who do not plan to pursue higher education. It has helped reduce the drop out rates and help those that leave primary school find employment.
The growth of Kenya's education sector has exceeded expectations. After the first university was established in 1970, five others have been created. The demand for higher education has resulted in the formation of many private universities.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Kenya
As we can see it's similar to European but learning conditions are really bad, what you can see in this video :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex-EIQ7kUcM (copy address to bar in your internet viewer)
SMS is technology that contributed varied beneficial services to the world and is used in different applications. These applications include business and trade, ebanking, as well as social and spiritual applications.
Indeed, mobile phones have made tremendous contributions to society and to mankind. From its inception as a tool of communication used only by deaf or hearing impaired individuals, SMS or Short Messaging Service had turned into a very powerful means of communication. Also, SMS had made the world smaller and much better as people rapidly gain access to mobile phones. Moreover, it created a new way of system of communication all together.
SMS Applications and Advantages:
SMS has countless contributions to the worlds and let's discuss some of them.
• Banking. SMS had contributed so much in terms of transactions like depositing and withdrawing money. Instead of people going to the banks to transact, the latter had instituted various ways so that the customers can perform bank transactions through short messaging service. This makes them complete their financial transactions with out leaving their offices and or their homes.
• Social Aspect. SMS has made old acquaintances and family members become continually in touch.
• Business. SMS allows for the sales and purchase of goods easier. By just sending and receiving text messages, both buyers and vendors of products need not have to meet face-to-face when trading.
• Spiritual Aspect. In religion and beliefs, SMS too had played a significant role in propagating the faith and inspiring the weary soul. Bible verses were now sent through text messages.
SMS Disadvantages:
Like any other technological advances, SMS has its own share of disadvantages. First of all, it is being used by unscrupulous people to blackmail others. Some crooked group of people will send you text messages stating that you have allegedly won in a lottery or promos. Then you'll find out that the aforementioned were not true and will only bribe you some amount of money. SMS has made some families disintegrate in one way or another. Husbands and wives can be occupied sending text messages to some friends or colleagues. Rather than talking to one another and their children, they'll usually pick up the cell phone and text or play games. Likewise, children are communicating to their peers most often using text messages and lose quality time interacting with their parents. Sadly, their interaction, communication, and even relationship are endangered. Some users also became addicted to Short Messaging System.
Nevertheless, all is not yet lost in terms of getting the full potential of this new messaging tool. We only have to apply it in the way that we can maximize its usage and services. Sending scams, blackmails, and others with the same evil motives should be stopped at once. We can all start sending good and inspiring messages that will enable others to be uplifted and inspired to do what is right. We should not forget to interact with other individuals, as well. While SMS is a great help in communicating to people, face-to-face interaction should not be put aside. Technology like this is beneficial, but abusing it will ruin its true purpose and functions as to why it is invented in the first place.
Email is an effective means of communication for business and personal use but it also has some disadvantages. Firstly, the advantages are; email is effective in providing quick answers to yes and no, type questions. eg. Do you do international delivery? Email is effective in finding the right person in an organisation or company to answer your question. Email is good to make appointments for busy people. Email can distribute information quickly to many people for the time it takes to email one person.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/striatic/101594790/
The disadvantages are; Email can become timeconsuming for answering complicated questions and misunderstandings can arise because cultural differences in the interpretation of certain words. The telephone, is much better for providing detailed answers or if you feel that the question is not absolutely clear. Email can compromise the security of an organisation because sensitive information can be easily distributed accidently or deliberately. Email should be entrusted to well trained and trusted staff members. Email can become impersonal or misunderstood.
Using business email More and more individuals are receiving more emails than they can digest and because it is physically more difficult to read on a computer screen, email writing is different from other styles of letter writing. In business it is important that emails do not become so burdensome, that more time is spent answering email that doing work. Emails must be prioritized, and accurate subject lines chosen. Skimming emails is common, so make sure that the major point in your email is handled first. Make a decision whether it is best to divide the email into multiple emails with different subject lines, because this is often easier and quickier to reply to.
Use of Mailing Lists Email is a highly effective medium of communication but a wise company needs to treat the recipient like a person not a number on a mailing list. Email needs to be personal or else it is regarded as SPAM and sent off to the recycling bin or blocked by the customer. SPAM is unsolicited mail. Because it is easy and inexpensive to send email, it is also easy and inexpensive to send junk email. Just because a person joins your mailing list does not necessarily mean that he or she wants to be bombarded with useless information or made feel as you are using the mailing list purely for profit. Email can look really impressive by adopting a brochure format, but unless the pictures are there for a reason and the email engages the reader by providing useful information, then it is better to send a text based email. If you need to display products, then a link inside an email to the page on your web site where the product is displayed is in my opinion a better option. This leads the person back to your web site. An email formatted like a brochure is uninviting because it resembles advertising but by providing a link, you are giving the customer a choice to view your product. This empowerment is the difference between informative email and advertising. Informative email is inviting, email that resembles advertising is pushy. Email needs to tread the line of being personal yet business like. It is a way of building good customer relationships. Email used well can make people feel as though they matter. Relationships are the key to any business and it can make for a rewarding experience. If the desire is to serve the customer, you will certainly be well in front of your competition by responding to every email, promptly and politely.
In connection with this presentation I would like to ask a two question about sms and e-mails (to choose) 1 In what kind of situation you use e-mails more often than sms? 2 What do you think about the future of textual communication? Are sms and e-mails have a chance in competition with cell phones or video communication?
